In-depth knowledge of automotive lubricants

The title of a,

Get a bottle of car lubricating oil, you will see the brand name + another title, such as a brand + magnetic protection, a brand + E series, a brand + Kuaichi **5, these titles represent the example of smooth oil, product name, is the manufacturer as to identify the type of smooth oil mark, and there is no significance.

The quality of smooth oils is distinguished by two main labels: SAE and API.

On the bottle, we can see an obvious combination of English and numbers, such as 5W-4, API SN/CF. In this, 5W-4 represents the SAE label of smooth oil, and the number before "W" represents the low temperature viscosity of oil. The smaller the number, the lower the low temperature viscosity and the better the protection of the initiator during cooling. The number after "W" represents high temperature stickiness, and the higher the number, the better the clarification. SN/CF is the API label of smooth oil.

Another smooth oil is labeled -5W4, which is similar to the former except that the API and SAE labels are placed differently.

The meaning information of numbers and letters under SAE label is shown in the figure below:

API label is mainly divided into "S" and "C" two examples, S stands for initiator engine oil, C stands for diesel engine oil, when the letters S and C exist at the same time, it indicates that the engine oil is general purpose. The letters following these two types represent the corresponding quality products. After the letter, the higher the product, such as another good and SA, SJ product.

In addition, there is a "4L" mark, I believe that the public knows this means that the capacity of 4 liters.

Second, the sample

After making clear the above English code, we see the other words: all-incorporated oil (or semi-incorporated oil, mineral oil). This represents an example of smooth oils, which come in fully consolidated, semi-consolidated and mineral oils. These three designations represent three different methods of oil composition:

Total combined oil is from the gas or natural gas evacuated, and then through polymerization, catalysis and other chaotic chemical reaction refining into a smooth liquid composed of macromolecules. It uses better ingredients, thermal fluctuation, oxidation reaction, degree of change ability than mineral oil and semi-merged oil much stronger.

Mineral oils are substances that are fractionated during the refining process, such as aviation oil, and then extracted from the remaining base oil. It uses inferior ingredients. Mineral oil has low price, service life and smooth functions such as oil, but also has greater pollution to the situation. In addition, mineral oil can not be completely removed from the impurities contained in the refining process, so the activity point is higher, suitable for use in low-temperature areas.

Semi-merged oil is the use of three types of base oil (by the full process) modulated smooth oil, is in the base of mineral oil after the fission technology purification products, semi-merged oil purity close to the full oil, but its cost is slightly higher than mineral oil.

Iii. Specifications and

Turning over the bottle, we see a jumble of letters and numbers on the back, representing specifications and.

ILSAC GF-4, whose prefix stands for exemplary and commission of smoothing, is International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee, AAMA is the association of American Automobile Manufacturers (AAMA) and Japan Automobile Manufacturers association (JAMA) together, on the smooth oil product specifications of the body, its commission published by the American Institute. The agency has now developed gF-1, GF-2, GF-3 and GF-4 motor oils.

Compared with the API label mentioned above, "GF-X" specification puts forward strict requirements for the function of the product, for example, GF-4 requires the product to reach API quality, but also through the EC(this can also be understood as a fit for the European model).

For example, one of the most stressful changes in the GF-4 specification compared to the GF-3 and GF-2 specification is the low phosphorus content. Gf-4 oil should also improve oxidation, high temperature grinding, high temperature accumulation control and pumping after oil. In order to satisfy the requirements of oxidation, grinding and accumulation control, more oxygen is added to the formula.

And a model, to be more detailed, also includes phosphorus content, content, high temperature accumulation, adding API SEGUENCE ⅲ and SEGUENCE ⅲ G bench test, base oil and viscosity requirements, which is extended here. Under normal conditions, most motor oils today are gF-4 or GF-3 or GF-5 models.

Four, smooth oil additives

When we usually see oil promotion and advertising, it is not difficult to notice that smooth oil enterprises give some labels to a product, such as noise reduction, oil saving, protection, etc. Since the foundation of smooth oil is, why will there be a difference in the characteristics of smooth oil?

The answer is in the additive of smooth oil -- the additive added on the basis of the foundation can improve the physical and chemical nature of smooth oil, and satisfy the different needs of the owner of the initiator. Commonly used additives are: viscosity index improver, pour point landing agent, oxidizer, clear dispersant, friction moderator and so on. Therefore, after adding the corresponding additives, it is not difficult to understand why some smooth oil noise reduction function is good, and some are able to assist the locomotive fuel economy.

Five, the other

On the bottle, there are other functions such as function description, pay attention to events, product principle, packaging specifications and practical categories of initiator information, the owner can choose according to these conditions to their own needs, small make up here will not deepen the discussion.